GRIN1
Homo sapiens
Gene Name: Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1
Aliases: RP11-350O14.1, GluN1, MRD8, NMDA1, NMDAR1, NR1
Chromosome No: 9
Chromosome Band: 9q34.3
Genetic Category: Functional--Rare single gene variant-Syndromic-Rare single gene variant/Functional
Aliases: RP11-350O14.1, GluN1, MRD8, NMDA1, NMDAR1, NR1
Chromosome No: 9
Chromosome Band: 9q34.3
Genetic Category: Functional--Rare single gene variant-Syndromic-Rare single gene variant/Functional
Summary Statistics:
ASD Reports: 36
Recent Reports: 3
Annotated variants: 114
Associated CNVs: 7
Evidence score: 4
ASD Reports: 36
Recent Reports: 3
Annotated variants: 114
Associated CNVs: 7
Evidence score: 4
| Associated Disorders: |
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Relevance to Autism
Decreased social interaction in GRIN1-knockout mice was observed in two separate studies (Gandal et al., 2012; Saunders et al., 2013).
Molecular Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a critical subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily which are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. These subunits play a key role in the plasticity of synapses, which is believed to underlie memory and learning.
References
Type
Title
Type of Disorder
Associated Disorders
Author, Year
Primary
GABAB-mediated rescue of altered excitatory-inhibitory balance, gamma synchrony and behavioral deficits following constitutive NMDAR-hypofunction.
Support
Novel homozygous missense variant of GRIN1 in two sibs with intellectual disability and autistic features without epilepsy.
ID, autistic features
Stereotypic movements of the midline, hypotonia, a
Support
Developmental loss of NMDA receptors results in supernumerary forebrain neurons through delayed maturation of transit-amplifying neuroblasts
Support
The combination of whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation sequencing enables the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders.
Epilepsy/seizures
DD, ID, autistic behavior
Support
Diagnostic yield of clinical exome sequencing in 868 children with neurodevelopmental disorders
DD
Autistic behavior, stereotypy
Support
Meta-analysis of 2,104 trios provides support for 10 new genes for intellectual disability
ID
Support
Exome sequencing improves the molecular diagnostics of paediatric unexplained neurodevelopmental disorders
DD, ID
Support
De novo mutations in GRIN1 cause extensive bilateral polymicrogyria.
DD, epilepsy/seizures, polymicrogyria
Autistic features
Support
Exploring gene-phenotype relationships in GRIN-related neurodevelopmental disorders
DD
ASD, iD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Overlapping cortical malformations in patients with pathogenic variants in GRIN1 and GRIN2B
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Mutations in HECW2 are associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy.
ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Decoding complex inherited phenotypes in rare disorders: the DECIPHERD initiative for rare undiagnosed diseases in Chile
ID, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Rare loss of function mutations in N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and their contributions to schizophrenia susceptibility.
SCZ
Support
The application of whole-exome sequencing in the early diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in children: a study from Southeastern China
Epilepsy/seizures
Support
Paradigmatic De Novo GRIN1 Variants Recapitulate Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying GRIN1-Related Disorder Clinical Spectrum
ID, epilepsy/seizures
Autistic features, stereotypy
Support
Efficient strategy for the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability using targeted high-throughput sequencing.
ID
Support
De novo GRIN1 mutations: An emerging cause of severe early infantile encephalopathy.
DD
Early onset encephalopathy, hypotonia
Support
Whole genome sequencing analysis identifies sex differences of familial pattern contributing to phenotypic diversity in autism
ASD
Support
Control of Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation and Learning by Alternative Splicing of the NMDA Receptor Subunit GluN1.
ASD
Support
GRIN1 mutation associated with intellectual disability alters NMDA receptor trafficking and function.
DD, ID
Hypotonia, stereotypic behavior
Support
Next-generation phenotyping integrated in a national framework for patients with ultrarare disorders improves genetic diagnostics and yields new molecular findings
ID
Cognitive impairment
Support
De novo GRIN variants in NMDA receptor M2 channel pore-forming loop are associated with neurological diseases.
Support
Genetic Traces in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Whole Exome Sequencing Study from Türkiye
ASD
DD, epilepsy/seizures
Support
Complex Diagnostics of Non-Specific Intellectual Developmental Disorder
DD, ID
Support
Molecular Mechanism of Disease-Associated Mutations in the Pre-M1 Helix of NMDA Receptors and Potential Rescue Pharmacology.
Support
De novo GRIN variants in M3 helix associated with neurological disorders control channel gating of NMDA receptor
DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
ASD
Support
Abnormal circadian rhythm in patients with GRIN1-related developmental epileptic encephalopathy.
Autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder wit
Stereotypies
Support
Multilayered genetic dissection of autism: insights from whole-exome sequencing, molecular karyotyping, and cytogenetic analyses in a small Turkish cohort
ASD
Support
Comprehensive genome sequencing analyses identify novel gene mutations and copy number variations associated with infant developmental delay or intellectual disability (DD/ID)
DD, ID
Recent Recommendation
Delineating the GRIN1 phenotypic spectrum: A distinct genetic NMDA receptor encephalopathy.
DD, ID, epilepsy/seizures
ASD
Recent Recommendation
Repetitive behavior profile and supersensitivity to amphetamine in the C58/J mouse model of autism.
Recent Recommendation
Knockout of NMDA receptors in parvalbumin interneurons recreates autism-like phenotypes.
Rare
Variant ID
Variant Type
Allele Change
Residue Change
Inheritance Pattern
Inheritance Association
Family Type
Author, Year
GEN626R002a
missense_variant
c.649C>T
p.Gln217Ter
Familial
Both parents
Multiplex
GEN626R006a
stop_gained
c.1666C>T
p.Gln556Ter
Familial
Both parents
Multiplex
GEN626R029a
missense_variant
c.679G>C
p.Ala227Pro
Familial
Both parents
Multiplex
Common
No Common Variants Available







